Prof. Dr. Valentin Amrhein is a professor of zoology at the University of Basel and a world-renowned expert on nightingales. In addition to his work in ornithology, he has gained international recognition for his critical contributions to statistical significance. His commentary published in Nature in 2019 is considered one of the most notable articles in the field of statistics (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00857-9). In his lecture entitled “Statistical Significance and Reproducibility of Research,” Prof. Amrhein will address key questions about the role of statistical significance.